Vegetable Intake, but Not Fruit Intake Is Inversely Associated With Fasting Plasma Glucose in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND: The association between dietary intake and glycemic control has been extensively investigated in type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about this association in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: We performed an observational study involving 263 adult KTRs with a functioning allograft for at least 1 year at the outpatient clinic of the Hospital from November 2020 to March 2021. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and fasting plasma glucose. RESULTS: The vegetable and fruit intake were 238.24 g/d (102.38-416.67) and 511.94 g/d (321.19-849.05), respectively. The fasting plasma glucose was 5.15 ± 0.95 mmol/L. The linear regressions revealed that vegetable intake, but not fruit intake was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in KTRs (adjusted R2 = 0.203, P < .001). The clear dose-response relation was observed. Moreover, each 100 g increase in vegetable intake was associated with 11.6% reduction of fasting plasma glucose. CONCLUSIONS: Vegetable intake, but not fruit intake, is inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose in KTRs.

Three ways for protein aggregation and the control strategies / 生物工程学报

Protein aggregation is a critical issue in the production of biopharmaceuticals. During protein production, transport and storage, various factors can lead to protein aggregation. With the in-depth study, different ways of protein aggregation and various influencing factors were identified. This includes physical and chemical factors, translation modifications and protein structure. Since protein aggregation exerts major impact on the activity and homogeneity of proteins, it is of great importance to study the ways of protein aggregation and how to control it to obtain high-quality proteins. The review focuses on three ways of protein aggregation, namely 3D domain swapping, salt bridge formation, and oxidative stress, as well as methods to control protein aggregation during protein production, transport and storage. This may facilitate reducing the loss caused by the formation of protein aggregation and improving the purity and homogeneity of protein in research and commercial production.

Fatal canine parvovirus type 2a and 2c infections in wild Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) in southern China.

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered scale-covered mammal belonging to the order Pholidota. Wild pangolins are notably susceptible to pathogen infection and are typically characterized by impoverished health. However, little is currently known regarding the viruses prevalent among pangolins. In this study, we report the detection of two subtypes of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), namely CPV-2a and CPV-2c, both of which caused severe diarrheal disease in two post-rescue pangolins with fatal consequences. As in CPV-2-infected dogs, intensive lesion of the mucosal layer of the small intestines is a prominent feature in infected pangolins. Moreover, the immunochemistry results demonstrated that CPV-2 antigens were distributed in the crypts of small intestine. Additionally, typical parvovirus-associated CPV-2 were detected after four passages in F81 cells, and typical parvovirus-like particles, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were observed in the cell supernatants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP2 viral protein sequences (GenBank accession number OP208805) isolated from one pangolin (termed P1) were classified as CPV-2c, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2c strain (MN832850) isolated from a Taiwanese pangolin found in Taiwan Province. In contrast, VP2 sequences (#OP208806) obtained from the second pangolin (P2) were classified as CPV-2a, with 99.8% identity to a CPV-2a strain (KY386858) isolated from southern China. In this study, we thus confirmed the infection of pangolins with CPV-2c in mainland China and demonstrated that CPV-2a also can infect pangolins. Based on these findings, we recommend that further investigations should be conducted to establish the interspecies transmission of these viruses among wild pangolins, wild carnivores, and stray dogs.

Effects of paradoxical intention therapy on stress response and comfort in patients undergoing PCI / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of paradoxical intention therapy in patients undergoing PCI.Methods:A total of 116 patients who undergoing PCI in Fuwai Center China Cardiovascular Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in the present study. They were divided into experimental group and control group with 58 cases in each group. The control group received routine therapy and nursing care, while the experimental group carried out paradoxical intention therapy based on the control group. The effects were evaluated by physiological stress index (blood pressure, heart rate), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) respectively.Results:At 1 day before surgery, once on the operative day and 1 day after surgery, the systolic pressure were (129.58 ± 13.89), (132.08 ± 12.28), (125.58 ± 12.28) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (137.22 ± 11.18), (138.35 ± 14.94), (132.35 ± 14.89) mmHg, the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.14, 2.38, 2.59, all P<0.05). At 1 day before surgery and once on the operative day, the heart rate were (74.17 ± 4.18), (76.39 ± 5.14) times/minutes in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (76.62 ± 5.19), (78.78 ± 6.22) times/minutes, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.69, 2.17, both P<0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the scores of somatization, compulsion, anxiety, depression and total SCL-90 were (1.25 ± 0.19), (1.42 ± 0.23), (1.19 ± 0.28), (1.20 ± 0.16), (121.66 ± 9.66) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (1.84 ± 0.25), (1.68 ± 0.37), (1.84 ± 0.39), (1.73 ± 0.33), (146.47 ± 8.64) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 4.45-14.08, all P<0.05). The scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension and total GCQ were (10.89 ± 2.22), (24.49 ± 4.92), (77.91 ± 6.20) points in the experimental group, significantly higher than those in the control group (8.51 ± 2.27), (21.84 ± 4.61), (72.09 ± 6.66) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.50, 2.89, 4.69, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Paradoxical intention therapy can effectively alleviate physiological and psychological stress and decrease postoperative discomfort of patients undergoing PCI.

Effects of intervention mapping on cardiopulmonary function for patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of intervention mapping on cardiopulmonary function for patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period, so as to provide references for their early rehabilitation activities.Methods:A total of 90 patients with acute heart failure admitted to Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled in the present study. They were divided into experimental group and control group according to draw-lots-method, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received the routine care and activity plan, while the experimental group implemented intervention mapping-based stage early rehabilitation program. The indicators included 6MWT, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) as well as Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the intervention effects were compared between the two groups. Results:There were no significant differences in FEV 1, 6MWT, BNP and MLHFQ scores between the two groups at admission ( P>0.05). On discharge, FEV 1, 6MWT were (2.17±0.44) L, (273.09±55.80) m in the experimental group, significantly higher than (1.94 ± 0.39) L and (236.44 ± 50.99) m in the control group; the plasma BNP were (676.79 ± 78.75) ng/L in the experimental group, significantly lower than (736.05 ± 78.77) ng/L in the control group; in addition, the physical demention, emotional dimenson, other demension scores and total scores of MLHFQ in the experimental group were (65.39 ± 5.02), (67.56 ± 4.99), (66.05 ± 4.16) and (66.33 ± 2.63) points, significantly higher than (59.79 ± 5.94), (64.33 ± 5.93), (62.76 ± 4.47), (62.36 ± 2.98) points in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.56-6.51, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Designing and implementing stage early rehabilitation program using intervention mapping can promote cardiopulmonary function and quality of life of patients with acute heart failure in compensatory period.

Effects of advance care planning on fatigue symptom and psychological condition among patients with chronic heart failure / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the application value of advance care planning among patients with chronic heart failure, so as to provide reference for the clinical practice of advance care planning.Methods:A total of 62 chronic heart failure patients from October 2017 to November 2019 in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital were assigned to control group and experimental group according to the enrolled time, with 31 cases in each group. The patients in the control group from October 2017 to October 2018 recieved routine nursing, the experimental group from November 2018 to November 2019 carried out advance care planning based on the routine care. Before and after 3 weeks of intervention, the fatigue symptom and psychological condition were assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), respectively.Results:There was no significant difference in the score of MFI-20 and SCL-90 before intervention between the two groups( P>0.05). After 3 weeks of intervention, the mental fatigue scores and total scores in MFI-20 were (8.23 ± 2.77), (51.00 ± 5.03) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (10.23 ± 2.58), (54.06 ± 5.50) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.94, 2.29, all P<0.05). After 3 weeks of intervention, the somatization, obsessive symptoms, depression, anxiety, hostility scores and total score of SCL-90 were (1.28 ± 0.14), (1.43 ± 0.09), (1.19 ± 0.12), (1.13 ± 0.08), (1.33 ± 0.07), (121.00 ± 3.68) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (1.82 ± 0.44), (1.73 ± 0.58), (1.69 ± 0.12), (1.78 ± 0.13), (1.39 ± 0.10), (144.69 ± 9.09) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.76-23.06, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Advance care planning can effectively alleviate fatigue symptom and improve psychological condition of patients with chronic heart failure.

Research progress in application of cytokines for ionizing radiation injury treatment and its delivery methods / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is a systemic disease caused by radiation exposure, which mainly includes damage to the hematopoietic system and intestinal tract. At present, the application of cytokines to repair hematopoiesis and restore the integrity of the intestinal mucosa is one of the clinical treatment. Cytokines related to hematopoietic system repair include granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), thrombopoietin and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Meanwhile, the cytokines related to intestinal mucosal repair mainly are epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The application of cytokines can improve the survival of ARS, however, there are still some obstacles such as easily degraded and inactivated by enzymes, short half-life and high toxicity in vivo. In order to overcome these issues, there are numerous developing effective delivery systems were carried out, including nanoparticles, hydrogels and microspheres. All of the delivery systems implied obvious advantages in protecting cytokines from degradation, prolonging half-life and reducing system toxicity. In this paper, the research progress of the functions, mechanism and delivery systems of cytokines in ARS treatment in recent years was reviewed.

Effects of hydrogen-rich water on expression of aquaporin 4 in brain tissue of rats after traumatic brain injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on brain edema and the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in brain tissue of rats after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explor the mechanism of its action. Methods Ninety male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group, TBI model group (TBI group) and HRW intervention group (HRW group), each group n = 30 rats. The TBI rat models were replicated by craniocerebral collision, while the Sham group rats underwent only craniotomy without collision and the cranial opening was closed by suturing and bone wax. After successful modeling, in HRW group the rats received intraperitoneal injection of HRW 5 mL/kg, and in the TBI group and Sham group, equal amount of 5 mL/kg 0.9% normal saline was given by the same method, once a day for 5 days in all the groups. The neurological severity scores (NSS) and brain water contents were detected at postoperative 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 5 days in the three groups;the cerebral cortex expression levels of AQP4 mRNA, positive expression levels of AQP4, the cerebral cortex AQP4 protein expression, protein kinase C (PKC) activity were detected in each group. Results ① The NSS of each time point in Sham group was 0; in TBI group, the rats levels of NSS and brain water contents showed a tendency of firstly rising and then decreasing, and after postoperative 24 hours, the levels reached the peak values and then gradually decreased; in HRW group, the levels of NSS and brain water contents were reduced significantly and at postoperative 24 hours when compared with those in TBI group, the levels of decreasing amplitude in HRW group were more significant [NSS score: 5.50±1.87 vs. 10.50±2.42, brain water content: (78.78±0.65)% vs. (79.98±0.61)% , all P ＜ 0.05].② The AQP4 mRNA expression levels of sham group at all time points were 1; compared with the Sham group, the AQP4 mRNA levels of TBI group and HRW group at the time points showed a tendency of firstly decreasing and then rising and reaching the valley level at 24 hours (2-ΔΔCt: 0.33±0.06, 0.36±0.12 vs. 1, both P ＞ 0.05). ③ The immunohistochemistry detection showed that the brain AQP4 mainly expressed in astrocytes in Sham group at various time points. However, in TBI group, the positive expression of AQP4 in astrocytes in injury area at each time point was decreased, at postoperative 24 hours being the most significant; the positive expression of AQP4 in HRW group was significantly higher than that in the TBI group at each time point and since postoperative 12 hours the statistical significant difference appeared in the comparison between the two groups [Absorbance (A) value: 0.206±0.010 vs. 0.170±0.014, P ＜ 0.05]. ④ The expressions of AQP4 protein at various time points were significantly lower in TBI group compared with those of Sham group, and reached the minimum at postoperative 24 hours (gray value: 0.282±0.100 vs. 1.281±0.115, P ＜ 0.05); but in HRW group, the expressions of AQP4 protein at various time points showed significantly higher than those of TBI group, and since postoperative 12 hours the statistical significant difference occurred (gray value:0.681±0.096 vs. 0.420±0.090, P ＜ 0.05). ⑤ The activity of PKC in TBI group at each time point was significantly decreased compared with that in Sham group, but it was significantly increased in HRW group at each time point and reached the maximum at postoperative 24 hours (A value: 2.67±0.52 vs. 1.51±0.42, P ＜ 0.05). ⑥ Correlation analysis:there was an obvious negative correlation between the brain activity of PKC and brain water content (r2= 0.209, P ＜ 0.001);but there was a significant positive correlation between the activity of PKC and the expression of AQP4 protein (r2= 0.406, P ＜0.001). Conclusion HRW can improve the brain edema in rats following TBI, and the mechanism may be associated with the up-regulation of expression of AQP4 protein and PKC activity in brain tissue.

Single arginine modified chitosan as gene carriers / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective To explore a new method for synthesizing arginine modified chitosan ( AC ) with mono-arginine substitution and high degree of substitution, and to evaluate the biological effect of AC as gene carriers. Methods The single arginine modified chitosan (sAC) was synthesized by means of protecting and de-protecting the arginine amino group before and after chitosan modified arginine reaction. Liu's arginine-modified chitosan ( LAC ) was prepared according to the methods reported in the literature . The conjunction of arginine to chitosan was detected by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three kinds of chitosan gene nanoparticles were respectively prepared by complex coacervation and characterized, including sAC gene nanoparticles (sACGNs), the LAC gene nanoparticles (LACGNs) and the chitosan gene nanoparticles (CGNs). A10 rat vascular smooth cells transfected with sACGNs were used to estimate the in vitro cellular uptake, internalization mechanisms and transfection efficiency. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium blue (MTT) assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity. Results The infrared spectrum analysis confirmed that sAC was obtained via the conjunction of arginine to chitosan. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis showed that the degree of substitution of arginine in sAC and LAC was 21.3％and 6.4％, respectively. When the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P ratio) was 2:1, the particle sizes of CGN, LACGN, and sACGN were (94.81±2.93) nm, (124.53±2.55) nm, and (128.53±2.04) nm, respectively, and the Zeta potentials were (3.50±1.61) mV, (5.74±0.41) mV, and (6.04±1.39) mV, respectively. For the cellular uptake, CGNs were mainly through the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway, and LACGNs and sACGN were mainly through the caveolin-mediated endocytic pathway. Compared with CGNs, LACGNs and sACGNs showed higher cellular uptake and transfection efficiency , and the differences were statistically significant ( all P<0 . 05 ) . sACGNs achieved the highest transfection efficiency in the near-neutral pH environment. MTT results showed that when the mass concentration of sACGNs reached 100μg/ml, the survival rate of A10 cells was still higher than 90％, indicating the non-cytotoxicity of sACGNs. Conclusion The new method successfully synthesized single arginine-modified chitosan. As a gene carrier, sACGNs show higher gene transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than CGNs and LACGNs in near neutral pH environment.

Expression of trefoil peptide (TFF1 ,TFF3) in colonic polyps and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the expression of trefoil peptides (TFF1 ,TFF3) in colonic polyps and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters.Methods 120 cases of colon polyps were selected as the colon polyps group ,including 40 cases of hyperplastic polyps and 80 cases of adenomatous polyps ,and 30 cases of co-lon cancer (colon cancer group) and 20 cases of normal colonic mucosa (normal colon mucosa group) were se-lected as controls.The expression of TFF1 and TFF3 in various tissues were detected by q-RT-PCR ,Western Blot and immunohistochemistry ,and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Re-sults The positive rates of TFF1 in normal colon mucosa ,hyperplastic polyp tissue ,adenomatous polyp and colon cancer were 0 ,0 ,53.8% and 80.0%,respectively and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=66.614 ,P＜0.05).The positive rates of TFF3 in normal colon mucosa ,hyperplastic polyp tissue ,adenomatous polyp and colon cancer were 90.0%,77.5%,55.0% and 30.0%,respectively.and the differences were statisti-cally significant (χ2=24.688 ,P＜0.05).The differences of TFF1 mRNA ,TFF3 mRNA ,TFF1 protein ,TFF3 protein expressions in the four groups were statistically significant.TFF1 protein expression in moderate and severe dysplasia polyp tissues increased significantly compared with those in mild dysplasia polyp tissues (t=2.760 ,P=0.009) ,while the expression of TFF3 significantly decreased (t=2.556 ,P=0.015) ;the expression of TFF1 protein in villous adenomatous polyp tissues increased significantly compared with that in tubular ad-enoma tissues (t=2.549 ,P=0.013) ,while the expression of TFF3 protein decreased significantly (t=2.108 , P=0.038).Conclusion The expression of TFF1 and TFF3 is closely related to the process of malignant co-lonic cancinogenesis ,and can be used as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of colon benign diseases and early diagnosis of colon cancer.

Mucin in colonic polyps and its clinical significance / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the expression of mucin(MUC1,MUC2,MUC5AC and MUC6)in the pathological tissues of different colonic polyps,and to analyze the clinical value of mucin expression in colonic polyp transformation.Methods 120 cases of colonic polyps were selected treated from the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang in Hebeiin hospital from January 2013 to January 2015.According to histopathological diagnosis, there were 3 groups,40 patients with hyperplastic polyps,40 patients with tubular adenoma,40 patients with villous adenoma.The expression of MUC1,MUC2,MUC5AC and MUC6 in the pathogens were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results In normal colonic mucosa,MUC1,MUC5AC,MUC6 were not expressed,and MUC2 positive expression was detected.The positive expression rates of high expression of MUC1 and MUC6 were observed in tubular adenoma and villous adenoma,while the positive expression of MUC1 and MUC6 was not detected in proliferative polyps.MUC2 showed a high positive expression rate in hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps,and the positive expression rate in proliferative polyps and adenomatous polypshyperplas-tic polyps and adenomatous polyps decreased gradually.MUC5AC was expressed in proliferative polyps and adenomatous polyps,and the expression of MUC5AC in proliferative polyps was significantly lower than that ofin adenomatous polyps.Conclusion The difference in the positive expression of MUC1,MUC2,MUC5AC and MUC6 in hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps MUC1,MUC2,MUC5AC,MUC6 in hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps is associated with the increased risk of mucosal or muscularis mucosa invasion in colonic polyps,w hich can be used as a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of the development of colonic pol-yps.

Expression and significance of P-cadherin,E-cadherin,and β-catenin in colon polyps / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of P-cadherin(P-ca),E-cadherin(E-ca), and β-catenin(β-ca)in colon polyps.Methods A total of 120 patients with colon polyps were selected and di-vided into the hyperplastic polyp group(40 cases),the tubular adenoma group(40 cases)and the villous adeno-ma group(40 cases).Other 20 healthy normal persons in the same period were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry(S-P)method was used to detect the expressions of P-ca,E-ca,and β-ca of subjects in paraffin sections of colonic polyp tissue and normal colonic mucosa.Western blotting semiquantitative method was used to detect the expression levels of P-ca,E-ca,and β-ca protein.Results P-ca was almost not express-ing in normal colonic mucosa,and positive signals in colon polyps tissue located in the cytoplasm and cell mem-brane,with the progression of the positive expression rate,it gradually increased(P<0.05).Positive-expres-sion of E-ca was in the cell membrane,with the progress of the disease,the positive-expression rate significant-ly decreased(P<0.05),β-ca expressed on the cell membrane in normal colonic mucosa tissue,with cytoplasmic of nuclear ectopic expression in the colon polyps group,with the progress of the disease,the positive rate of cytoplasm of nucleus gradually increased(P<0.05).Conclusion P-ca and β-ca show up-regulated expression in colon polyps,and E-ca show down-regulate expression,these three indicators were related closely to the oc-currence and development of colon polyps.

A prospective cohort study on triglycerides levels and risk of acute pancreatitis / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of fasting serum triglycerides (TG) levels at different baseline on the risk of new-onset acute pancreatitis (AP) in in-service and retired employees of Kailuan Group.Methods A total of 125 178 in-service and retired employees of Kailuan Group who received health check-ups from 2006 to 2009 and had no AP history but had complete TG data were prospectively enrolled.According to quantile level,the baseline serum fasting TG level of study subjects were divided into ＜1.01 mmol/L group (n=42 128),1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group (n=41 711) and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group (n=41 339).The incidence of new-onset AP of these three groups was analyzed.The survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method.The cumulative incidence rate was calculated and tested by log-rank method.And multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HR) of baseline fasting serum TG level for AP.Results After followed up for (7.36±1.23) years,a total of 193 cases of AP occurred.The incidences of AP in ＜1.01 mmol/L group,1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group were 1.43 events/10 000 person-years,2.37 events/10 000 person-years and 2.49 events/10 000 person-years,respectively.The cumulative incidence rates of AP in ＜1.01 mmol/L group,1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞1.64 mmol/L group were 0.10％ (44/42 128),0.18％ (73/41 711) and 0.18％ (76/41 339),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.998,P=0.007).The results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the risk of AP increased in 1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group compared with that of ＜1.01 mmol/L group,HR and 95％ confidence interval (CI) were 1.56 (1.07 to 2.29) and 1.57 (1.06 to 2.32),respectively.After excluded onset AP within one year,with a control group of ＜1.01 mmol/L group,the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis indicated that the HR and 95％CI for AP of 1.01 to 1.64 mmol/L group and ＞ 1.64 mmol/L group were 1.70 (1.11 to 2.58) and 1.69 (1.10 to 2.60),respectively.Conclusion Baseline fasting serum TG levels over 1.01 mmol/L may increase the risk of AP.

Metabolic engineering of L-valine synthesis and secretory pathways in Corynebacterium glutamicum for higher production / 生物工程学报

Corynebacterium glutamicum is the main industrial strain to produce L-valine by microbial fermentation. In this study, a low L-alanine producing C. glutamicum strain VWB-2 was constructed by knocking out the alanine aminotransferase encoding gene alaT in a high L-valine producing strain VWB-1. Meanwhile, a site-directed mutagenesis (ilvBN₁ (M13)) was done on the regulatory subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase (ilvBN), a key enzyme in the L-valine synthesis pathway. Furthermore, the overexpression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of L-valine, the mutated ilvBN₁ (M13), the acetohydroxy acid isomerase coding genes ilvC, the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase coding gene ilvD and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase coding gene ilvE, could all promote the L-valine production of VWB-1 by strengthening the carbon flow towards L-valine. With the overexpression of the branched chain amino acid transporter coding gene brnFE and its regulator lrp₁, the L-valine producing capability of VWB-1 was further enhanced. The finally obtained engineered strain VWB-2/pEC-XK99E-ilvBN₁ (M13)CE-lrp₁-brnFE could produce 461.4 mmol/L L-valine in a 5 L fermentor with a sugar acid conversion rate of 0.312 g/g glucose.

Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the CD34 expression in lesion boundary brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To observe the effect of hydrogen-rich water on the CD34 expression and angiogenesis in lesion boundary brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 54 adult male SpragueDawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups by random number table:namely sham-operated group (sham group),trauma group (TBI group),and trauma + hydrogen-rich water group (TBI+HW group),the rats in each group were subdivided into 1,3 and 7 days subgroups according to the time points after trauma,with 6 rats in each subgroup.The TBI model was reproduced by using a modified Feency method for free fall impact,and the rats in sham group were not given brain impact after craniotomy.The rats in TBI+HW group were given intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich water (5 mL/kg) after TBI model reproduction,and then once a day until being sacrificed,and the rats in sham group and TBI group were given the same amount of normal saline.The neurological severity scores (NSS) for neurologic deficits were calculated at corresponding time points,and then the rats were sacrificed for brain tissue at 3 mm around lesion boundary.After hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining,the pathological changes in lesion boundary brain tissue were observed under light microscope.The expression of CD34+ cells was observed by immunohistochemical analysis,which markers were used to count the newborn blood capillary sprouts around the traumatic brain tissue.The protein expression of CD34was determined by Western Blot.Results NSS scores at all time points in sham group were 0.NSS scores in TBI and TBI+HW groups showed a decreased tendency with time prolongation after TBI,which showed more significant in TBI+HW group,NSS scores at 3 days and 7 days were significantly lower than those of TBI group (3 day:8.67 ± 0.52 vs.11.56 ± 1.94,7 days:7.33±0.52 vs.8.17±0.98,both P ＜ 0.05).Under light microscope,the brain tissue of rats in sham group was normal.After injury,pathological changes in lesion boundary brain tissue in TBI group were characterized by obvious hemorrhagic necrosis,severe brain edema,a large number of degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells and inflammatory cell infiltration,and the pathological changes were more obvious at 3 days.The edema area in TBI+HW group was slightly smaller than that of TBI group,and the surrounding edema was slightly reduced.It was shown by immunohistochemistry that only a very small number of neoformative capillaries were found in sham group.The number of neoformative capillaries in lesion boundary brain tissue was gradually increased with time prolongation in TBI group.The number of neoformative capillaries in TBI+HW group was more significantly,which was significantly higher than that of TBI group at 3 days and 7 days after injury (cells/HP:10.59 ± 1.88 vs.8.61 ± 1.22 at 3 days,23.20 ± 3.16 vs.17.01 ± 2.64 at 7 days,both P ＜ 0.05).It was shown by Western Blot that the expression of CD34 protein at all time points in TBI group was significantly increased as compared with that of sham group.The expression of CD34 protein at 1 day and 3 days in TBI+HW group was slightly increased as compared with that of TBI group without significant difference,but it was significantly up-regulated at 7 days after injury,which was significantly higher than that of TBI group (gray value:1.36 ± 0.36 vs.0.74±0.08,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water promote CD34+ cells home to the site of injured tissue in rats with TBI,is involved in angiogenesis,and improve clinical outcomes during brain functional recovery.

Serum Level and Clinical Significance of Visfatin in Patients with Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease / 胃肠病学

Background:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease( IBD ) is increasing in recent years,however,its pathogenic mechanism has not been fully clarified. Previous studies revealed that adipokines played crucial roles in regulating intestinal inflammation. Aims:To investigate the role of visfatin,an adipocytokine,and its clinical significance in active IBD. Methods:Ninety-one patients with active IBD including 61 Crohn’s disease( CD)and 30 ulcerative colitis ( UC)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from May 2015 to Dec. 2015 were enrolled in this study,and 48 healthy subjects were served as controls. Serum level of visfatin was determined by ELISA. Correlation of serum visfatin level with clinical features of IBD was analyzed,its diagnostic performance for IBD was assessed by ROC curve. Results:Serum level of visfatin was significantly higher in patients with active CD and UC than in healthy controls[(385. 24 ± 112. 64)pg/mL and(378. 91 ± 118. 57)pg/mL vs. (321. 11 ± 96. 27)pg/mL, P all ﹤0. 05]. Significant positive correlation was found between serum visfatin level and disease activity index(Mayo score)of UC( r =0. 398,P ﹤0. 05 ),however,no correlations were found between serum visfatin level and disease activity index of CD,CRP and ESR,two common inflammatory indicators for IBD and location of IBD(P all ﹥0. 05). The area under curve( AUC)of serum visfatin for diagnosis of CD and UC were 0. 654 and 0. 622,respectively;the diagnostic accuracy was relatively low. Conclusions:Serum visfatin might be associated with the active intestinal inflammation in IBD and has the potential to be served as a clinical index for active UC.

Analysis on risk factors of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and observation on the effect of prostaglandin analogue / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the electrophysiological examination results and risk factors of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods 337 patients with type 2 diabetes from August 2014 to December 2016 in the first people's hospital in Shizuishan city were divided into DPN group (n=218) and NPDN group(n=119) according to the results of NCV and SSR examinations. The general information and laboratory biochemical indicators in the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of DPN. Results The diagnosis rate of DPN detected by NCV combined with SSR was higher than that of NCV or SSR alone(P<0.05);There were significant differences in age,duration of diabetes,history of hypertension,systolic blood pressure,2h FBG,HbA1c,FINS,2 h INS,FC-P, 2h FC-P,ACR between the DPN group and NPDN group(P<0.05);Logistic multivariable analysis showed that age, duration of diabetes, 2h FBG, HbA1c, ACR were independent risk factors for DPN. Conclusion It is beneficial to increase the diagnosis rate of DPN by NCV combined with SSR. There is a higher incidence rate of DPN type 2 diabetes patients with older grade, longer duration of diabetes, higher 2h FBG, HbA1c and ACR.

Discussion on Health Humanities Education in Health Vocational College / 中国医学伦理学

This paper discussed the necessity of carrying out health humanities education in the vocational health college,which is,adapting to the requirements of "Health China 2030" layout plan and in line with the training characteristic of hygienic higher vocational talents.It is believed that health humanities education has the characteristics of professionalization,universality and diversity,the contents of education are to inherit medical tradition,to cultivate professional ethics,to enhance aesthetic accomplishment,to improve communication ability,the ability of safeguarding the rights and the ability of economic budget,and so on,and all of these contents will implement through classroom teaching,the construction of campus culture and the development of practical activities.

Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of aquaporin 1 in the cerebral cortex of rat with traumatic brain injury / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich water on cerebral edema and aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods Ninety male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,TBI model group,hydrogen-rich water treatment group (H group),with 30 rats in each group.TBI model was reproduced by weight dropping method.The skulls of rats in sham operation group underwent only craniotomy without direct hit and with bone wax sealed suture.5 mL/kg of hydrogen-rich water injection was given intraperitoneally after model reproduction in H group,and equal amount of normal saline was given in sham and TBI groups,once a day for both groups for 5 days.Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 6,12,24,48 hours and 5 days after evaluating neurological severity scores (NSS).The cerebral cortex was harvested,and the pathological changes in morphology of brain tissue were observed with light microscope.The positive expression of AQP1 in cerebral cortex was observed with immunohistochemistry by light microscopy,the AQP1 mRNA expression in cerebral cortex was determined by real-time fluorescent quantization reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the AQP1 protein expression in cerebral cortex was determined by Western Blot.Results ① All rats in sham operation group had a NSS of zero at each time point.NSS of TBI group was obviously raised with time prolongation,and peaked at 24 hours followed by a lower tendency,while the score in H group was significantly lower than that of TBI group,and the difference was the most obvious at 24 hours as compared with TBI group (9.83 ± 2.78 vs.13.50± 2.42,P ＜ 0.05).② It was shown by light microscope that in the TBI group there were pathological changes in cerebral cortex,including obvious irregular arrangement of nerve cells,cerebral edema,obvious bleeding,especially at 24 hours,then the cerebral edema became vanished gradually;and the positive expression of AQP1 in the pia mater at all the time points in the TBI group was significantly increased,and it was most obvious at 24 hours.Compared with TBI group,the pathological changes at time points of 12 hours to 5 days in H group was significantly lessened,and the positive expression of AQP1 in the cerebral pia mater was reduced obviously.③ Compared with sham operation group,the mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex in TBI group were significantly elevated,peaked at 24 hours [AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):7.50±0.26 vs.1,AQP1 protein (gray value):1.986±0.110 vs.0.336±0.034,both P ＜ 0.05],then they gradually declined.The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP1 in cerebral cortex were significantly decreased after hydrogen-rich water treatment [24-hour AQP1 mRNA (2-△△Ct):5.40±0.21 vs.7.50±0.26,24-hour AQP1 protein (gray value):1.246±0.137 vs.1.986±0.110,both P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein in ratst cerebral cortex after TBI perhaps participates in edema formation which might be involved in the pathophysiology of cerebral edema in TBI.Early treatment with an intraperitoneally injection of hydrogen-rich water is capable of attenuating the extent of TBI-induced up-regulation of AQP1 mRNA and protein,alleviating cerebral edema,and achieving its protective effects.

Rescue experience of 168 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its influencing factor analysis / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore the main influencing factors for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR ) in patients with perioperative cardiac arrest .Methods:A total of 168 patients ,who received surgery and suffered from cardiac arrest during perioperative period in our hospital from Jun 2012 to Jun 2014 ,were selected .According to recovery outcome of spontaneous circulation ,they were divided into success group (n=67) and failure group (n=101) .Case information were retrospectively analyzed in two groups ,including American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class at hospitalization ,surgical sites ,monitor before cardiac arrest ,location when cardiac arrest occurred , dose of amiodarone ,volumes of bleeding and blood transfusion ,time of cardiac arrest during surgery ,CPR duration and timing etc .,and they were statistically analyzed between two groups .Results:There were significant difference in ASA class ,location when cardiac arrest occurred ,baseline ECG rhythm ,shock before cardiac arrest ,adrenaline dose ,CPR duration and timing between two groups ,P1min (OR=7.51 ,95% CI=2.57~41.93) were independent risk factors for prognosis of periop‐erative CPR , P 1min are inde‐pendent risk factors for prognosis of perioperative CPR . Cardioc arrest calls for instant CPR .